The Effects of Floodwater Spreading on Success Rate of Cultivated Species Planting and Combating Desertification (Case Study: Flood Spreading Station of Barabad, Sabzevar)
Hassan
Barabadi
M.Sc. Graduate of Desert Region Management, Faculty of Natural Resources University of Tehran
author
Gholam Reza
Zehtabian
Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran
author
Ali
Tavili
Associate Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran
author
Abolghasem
Dadrasi Sabzevar
ﻣﺮﺑﻲ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ رﺿﻮی ﻛﺸﺎورزی و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن
author
Hassan
Khosravi
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran
author
text
article
2013
per
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the success rate of planting project. Also reviews combating desertification in this region by the Project. First, plant characteristics including canopy cover and vegetation density were measured by transect of 100m and plots of 225m2 (15×15), respectively. Also physical (soil texture) and chemical properties of soil samples including salinity and acidity at three depths of 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90cm (roots development zone) were measured. A region as a flood spreading area including three phases, two phases of Atriplex and one phase of Haloxylon was selected. Also, another region was considered as the control area. The results were compared by Duncan's test according to Completely Randomized Block design. The results of physical and chemical properties of the soil samples showed that the electrical conductivity and pH have decreased in the most samples. These changes were significant at the 5% level. Soil texture and sand increased but clay has decreased in the depth of 0-30cm, therefore soil structure has improved. The results of plant characteristics showed that water spreading has positive effects on establishment and natural regeneration of the planted spices (15.75 percent increase) and these changes are significant at the 5% level. Based on canopy cover and vegetation density results, there are no significant differences between Atriplex and Haloxylon; but the establishment of endemic species has been more successful in Haloxylon phase.
Desert Management
Iranian Scientific Association of Desert Management and Control (ISADMC)
2476-3985
1
v.
1
no.
2013
1
12
https://www.jdmal.ir/article_17096_515dd5f7e70fa49af58008216171c5c7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/jdmal.2013.17096
Relationship between Fluctuations in the Water Table and Aquifer Salinization (Case Study: Aquifer Aspas-Fars Province)
Bahram
Choubin
M.Sc. Student of University of Tehran, Faculty of Natural Resources, Karaj
author
Arash
Malekian
Assistant Professor of University of Tehran, Faculty of Natural Resources, Karaj
author
text
article
2013
per
Ground water has been important water source within all centuries. Due to this important, necessity is aware of how spatial and temporal changes in these variables that in many areas is important. Exploitation of the Aquifer Aspas and also continuous drought in recent years has caused a dramatic reduction in groundwater levels. In the past, the level of groundwater at a depth of 7-5 meters from ground level, but already because of excessive use numerous wells has reached to a depth of 60-50 meters. As a result, management factors are important in this the plains. The aim of this study, has been investigated the relationship between changes in the water table aquifer and salinity during the period of (2002-2010). For this purpose, were used the meteorological data (the average annual precipitation for the precipitation process), Groundwater monthly quality data (including electrical conductivity to investigation salinity), quantitative data Groundwater (includes monthly Groundwater level of observation wells of plains to show status of groundwater fluctuations and the unit hydrograph the plains). unit hydrographs shows that during the period of (2002-2010), groundwater level declined and the average of drop has been 0.7 meters per year, On the other hand can be seen an inverse relationship between the water table and salinity. Comparing of changes in electrical conductivity and groundwater level in the aquifer showed that Salinity is higher in areas where the water table is lower.
Desert Management
Iranian Scientific Association of Desert Management and Control (ISADMC)
2476-3985
1
v.
1
no.
2013
13
26
https://www.jdmal.ir/article_17097_26d917824d2e1bfa5ab689f3ce8a601e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/jdmal.2013.17097
Determination of Iran Desert Lands Based on Soil Attributes
Mohammad
Khosroshahi
Research Assistant Professor, Forest and Rangelands Research Institute.
author
Hamid Reza
Abbasi
Research Instructor, Forest and Rangelands Research Institute
author
Mohammad Taghi
Khashki
Research Instructor, Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Khorasan Razavi
author
Morteza
Abtahi
Research Assistant Professor, Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Isfahan
author
text
article
2013
per
Deserts have been described in different aspects of the natural environment. In this article, we try to determine desert territory using soil properties. Those selected soil properties which identify desert soil criterion were: soil salinity (EC), soil reaction (pH), gypsum, calcareous, SAR, organic matter, soil texture and clay pan. The soil properties were used as limiting factor for plant growth. Using available soil information, digital maps in GIS for every province were prepared. After their overlying, we prepared a map for Iran desert areas. The results showed that 544320 km2 of Iran known as a desert which formed under soil properties conditions. In these areas the soil EC is more than 8 dS/m, pH more than 8.5, SAR greater than 12; genetic and biological soil horizons have no significant distinction. The saline soil puffy, desert pavement, clay pan and active and non active sand dunes are also visible in the desert. Also the results showed that greater Khorasan and Markazi provinces have the highest and lowest soil-desert areas of 137665 and 1932 km2, respectively.
Desert Management
Iranian Scientific Association of Desert Management and Control (ISADMC)
2476-3985
1
v.
1
no.
2013
27
38
https://www.jdmal.ir/article_17098_1888f054fa2afd318d2ae2c7c683d8d2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/jdmal.2013.17098
Assessment of Land Cover Changes in Arid Lands using ASTER and ETM+ Sensors (Case Study: Marvast Plain, Yazd Province)
Mohammad
Zare Ernani
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources and Eremology, Yazd University
author
Zahra
Giveii Ashraf
MSc Graduate of Arid lands Management, Yazd University
author
text
article
2013
per
Land cover is defined as a physical and biological cover of the earth’s surface that contains water, vegetation and bare soil. Limiting factors in arid areas such as water shortage and soil salinity are important factors to study the occurred changes in land cover. Due to the large expanse of land, change detection by the traditional methods is not sufficient and efficient; therefore, using of new methods such as remote sensing technology is necessary and vital. The overall aim of this study was to assess changes in land cover in arid lands of Marvast plain, located in south of Yazd. In this study, ASTER (Terra) data for summer month of July for years of 2003 and 2010 as well as ETM+ data (Landsat) for July 2002 and 2010 was used. In the first step, after pre-processing operations such as geometric correction, land cover maps of the study area were classified into 5 classes (agricultural land, rangeland, bare land, desert and wetland) using Maximum Likelihood method in both satellite types. Then, taking ground truth data, the classified maps accuracy were assessed by calculating the Kappa coefficient and overall accuracy. The results of ETM+ classification show that the areas of agricultural land and wetland were increased and decreased, respectively in time span of 2002-2010. The same changes were also observed in change classification maps of ASTER for the period of 2003-2010. In this time period, the area of wetland is decreased and changed into desert area. In addition, rangeland area has reduced and changed into agricultural land. The results show that produced maps of both sensors have accuracy of above 85% which reflects high performance of both images in land cover change analysis. In spite of the fact that ASTER data is a little more accurate, results of using Landsat data which has more accessibility and lower cost, for change detection analysis is also acceptable and valuable.
Desert Management
Iranian Scientific Association of Desert Management and Control (ISADMC)
2476-3985
1
v.
1
no.
2013
39
50
https://www.jdmal.ir/article_17099_33b4b1a99fbff2542b21283abff38ad0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/jdmal.2013.17099
The Effects of Nebkhas on Soil Infiltration and Evaluation of Some Infiltration Equations in Desert Conditions (Case Study: Ephedra strobilacea and Tamarix ramosissima Species
Hamid Reza
Azimzadeh
Associate Professor of Natural Resources and Desert Studies Faculty, Yazd University
author
Asghar
Mosleh Arani
Associate Professor of Natural Resources and Desert Studies Faculty, Yazd University
author
text
article
2013
per
In recent years, the idea of nebkhas as a degradation index changed to signs of adaption and stability in desert conditions. Plants growth condition is very restricted in desert biomes, but nebkhas ecologically provide a better condition for some plants to grow. Nebkhas also change physical and chemical properties of the soil and also water balance conditions. In this study infiltration rate was compared between nebkhas formed by Ephedra strobilacea and Tamarix ramosissima and soil between nebkhas in Abarkouh area located in Yazd province. In addition, there are many hydrological models that use Green-Ampt or Horton equations for forecasting surface runoff. So this study also evaluated the efficiency of Green-Ampt or Horton equations. At the first, the locations of each nebkhas were recognized and soil of nebkhas and the soil between nebkhas were sampled. Soil samples were then delivered to the laboratory and main physico-chemical characteristics of all samples were measured. Infiltration rate was measured by double ring between nebkhas (bare) and in the nebkhas of the two species. Horton and Green-Ampt constants were also calculated. Infiltration models efficiency were analyzed by calculation of Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient and RMSE-Standard Deviation of Observation (RSR). Final permeability was measured at about 24 cm/hr for Ephedra strobilacea and Tamarix ramosissima nebkhas. Final permeability for between nebkhas (bare) of Tamarix ramosissima and Ephedra strobilacea were measured 3.6 and 7 cm/hr, respectively. Final permeability for Ephedra strobilacea and Tamarix ramosissima nebkhas was 6.7 and 3.4 times more than between nebkhas. It is concluded that nebkha play an important role in water infiltration and water resources in desert areas. Nash Sutcliffe ranges showed Green-Ampt and Horton models are in acceptable levels of performance for predicting infiltration rate of Tamarix ramosissima and Ephedra strobilacea nebkhas. However, the models show less accuracy for soil between nebkhas (bare), because of soil stratifying. The cause of these differences is that Aeolian materials of nebkhas sorted by wind show homogenous texture compared with the layered soil of between nebkhas. Horton and Green -Ampt models assumptions have conformity with homogenous soils.
Desert Management
Iranian Scientific Association of Desert Management and Control (ISADMC)
2476-3985
1
v.
1
no.
2013
51
62
https://www.jdmal.ir/article_17100_5a50c8412dc6327a9e3e233b5510fb23.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/jdmal.2013.17100
Assessment and Zonation of Groundwater Quality in Mosafer Abad Plain of Hormozgan Province by Spatial Interpolation Approach
Ahmad
Nohegar
Associate Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, Hormozgan University
author
Maryam
Heydarzadeh
Ph.D Student, Faculty of Natural Resources, Hormozgan University
author
text
article
2013
per
A major part of ground water resources is used for irrigation of farm lands. So appropriate management should be applied considered for application of these limited resources. In this research, 30 wells were selected over three time steps 1998, 2002 and 2009 in Mosafer Abad plain of Hormozgan province and some chemical properties such as Na, Cl, EC, pH, TDS, TH and SAR were analysed for zoning at the mentioned time steps. The purpose of this study is to determine the most appropriate interpolation method to analyze the spatial variability of landscape characteristics of groundwater quality of Mosafer Abad plain using Kriging, IDW (Inverse Distance Weighting and RBF (Radial Basis Functions) methods. Result shows that Kriging method with RMSE values lower than other methods is more acceptable approach for the study area. Meanwhile, the results revealed that average depletion of water table levels in at 1998, 2002 and 2009 are -0.152, 0.629 and -0.384 meter, respectively. This Represents a decreasing trend in groundwater level in wells and indicates a meaningful warning for more attention to ground water resources in Mosafer Abad plain.
Desert Management
Iranian Scientific Association of Desert Management and Control (ISADMC)
2476-3985
1
v.
1
no.
2013
63
76
https://www.jdmal.ir/article_17101_1b418317dd8f54168e4fa0481fa28b4f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/jdmal.2013.17101