Study of Effect of Climate Change on Potential Evapotranspiration in Arid Areas Using Geostatistics (Case Study: Yazd Province)
E.
Mahdavie Nezhad
M.Sc Student of Watershed Management, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
author
S. Z.
Hosseini
Assistant Professor, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
author
H.
Maleki Nezhad
Associate Professor, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
author
M.A.
Asadi
Assistant Professor, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
author
text
article
2019
per
In water systems, precipitation is considered as input and evaporation as the output of the system. Water availability can be estemated from the relationship between these two factors. Therefore, evapotranspiration is the most important factor after precipitation in hydrological cycle. Evapotranspiration is influenced by climatic parameters such as temperature, wind, humidity and sunshine hours. In this research, changes in PET and effective climatic parameters, influencing on PET changes including temperature, wind, humidity, and solar radiation were investigated. For this purpose, PET in 14 weather stations of Yazd province were calculated using the FAO-Penman-Monteith method. Due to the lack of sunshine hours data in some stations, regeneration of the incomplete data was done by using regression method. Due to the lack of wind speed data at some stations, their reconstruction by using data from other stations was done by applying three methods of Inverse Distance Weighted, Kriging and Cokriging. After calculating potential evapotranspiration, PET data were zoned and their monthly and annual trends tested by Mann-Kendall test. Despite occurrence of climate change and increasing of temperature in 13 stations out of the 14 stations, it is expected an increase in potential evapotranspiration in past few decades, while, there is a decreasing trend in PET. Investigating on the effective parameters in potential evapotranspiration showed that wind speed has declined in the last few decades, and despite of an increase in temperature, potential evapotranspiration rate reduces in 64.3% of the stations. General trend of evapotranspiration was -0.86 in this period, which indicates a decrease in evapotranspiration in the Yazd province.
Desert Management
Iranian Scientific Association of Desert Management and Control (ISADMC)
2476-3985
6
v.
12
no.
2019
1
18
https://www.jdmal.ir/article_247094_31000895a8d9bd1a8d0bff80c346f352.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/jdmal.2019.247094
Spatial Pattern Analysis of Halocnemum Strobilaceum (Nebkas) Using G Function (Case Study: Aq-Qala Plain, Golestan Province, Iran)
Mohsen
Hosseinalizadeh
Assistant Professor, Department of Watershed and Arid Lands Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
author
Mohammad
Alinejad
M.Sc, Arid Lands, Young Researchers Club, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran
author
Narges
Kariminejad
Phd Student, Arid Lands Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
author
Ali
Mohammadian Behbahani
Assistant Professor, Department of Watershed and Arid Lands Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
author
text
article
2019
per
Understanding of distribution of plants and analyzing their spatial pattern reveal the interactions of plants and environment. Nebka as an indicator phenomenon of plant-sediment interaction, plays an important role in protecting of vegetation and sand stabilization. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the interaction of Nebka and plant based on a field study, measuring the morphometric parameters, and precise point positioning. Therefore, 322 Nebkas and 119 plants were determined in the northern region of Aq-Qala, Golestan province. In order to investigate and determine the spatial pattern and interactions of Nebkas and plants, and impact of soil parameters on their distribution pattern, univariate and bivariate functions including g and mark correlation functions were used. The pair correlation function showed that spatial pattern of plant at distance of less than 23 m was irregular. This means there is no competition between plants at distance of less than 23 m. Furthermore spatial pattern of Nebka was irregular at distance of less than 23 m. Bivariate g function at distances less than 50 m indicated positive correlation between plant and Nebka. Therefore, all plants and Nebkas have a positive impact on formation and distribution of each other. Results of the MCF function with 95% probability showed that soil properties such as EC, pH, OM, SAR, and skewness of Nebka sediments influence the Nebka’s pattern in the study area.
Desert Management
Iranian Scientific Association of Desert Management and Control (ISADMC)
2476-3985
6
v.
12
no.
2019
19
32
https://www.jdmal.ir/article_34759_6a35207085cddc6f9905589891bc415c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/jdmal.2019.34759
Estimating of Surface Albedo in Geomorphological Facies of Desert Regions of the Yazd-Ardakan Plain Using Landsat 8 Data
Sohaila
Pouyan
Ph.D. Candidate, Combating of Desertification, Faculty of Natural Resources and Eremology, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
author
Mohammad
Zare
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources and Eremology, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
author
Mohammadraza
Ekhtesasi
Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources and Eremology, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
author
Mohammadhossein
Mokhtari
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources and Eremology, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
author
text
article
2019
per
Surface albedo is one of the key controlling geophysical parameters in surface energy budget research and environmental and climate studies. As an efficient tool for monitoring earth surfaces, remote sensing is widely used for estimating albedo over recent decades and various algorithms of satellite data have been developed to estimate albedo. Up to now, albedo has been estimated using different types of sensors. This study presents procedures for computing of albedo using OLI sensor Landsat 8 data in different geomorphology facies, arable soil and asphalt in the Yazd- Ardakan Plain. In this way, required data from each nine images metadata of Landsat 8 were extracted for summer and autumn, 2017 and then albedo was calculated using meteorological data. Results showed that there is a difference between values of albedo in different geomorphology facies. Surface albedo average of clay land, pavement, sand dune, bare land, sand sheet, arable land and asphalt are 0.30, 0.22, 0.24, 0.26, 0.24, 0.23 and 0.24, respectively. The highest calculated albedo is related to clay land, while the lowest is observed in desert pavement facies.
Desert Management
Iranian Scientific Association of Desert Management and Control (ISADMC)
2476-3985
6
v.
12
no.
2019
33
48
https://www.jdmal.ir/article_34761_919d7bd40994b5f337ab2448bc081505.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/jdmal.2019.34761
Investigating of Susceptibility of Maharloo Lake Sediments to Wind Erosion and Determination of Dust Movement Direction
Mohsen
Kazemi
M.Sc. Student in Arid lands Management, Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
Sadat
Feiznia
Professor, Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
Hassan
Khosravi
Associate Professor, Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
Hamid
Mesbah
Senior Research Expert, Research Center of Agricultural and Natural Resources of Fars, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran
author
text
article
2019
per
Wind erosion is one of the most important natural processes in arid and semi-arid regions. In recent years, due to lake drying, dust producing has been increased from lakes and wetlands surfaces. Maharloo Lake, as one of the most important saline lakes of Iran, dried up in recent years. This research aims to study the susceptibility of Maharloo Lake sediments to wind erosion and determining of direction of the Lake surface dust movement. At first step, texture of the sampled sediments were determined. Next, direction of the dominant and erosive winds were determined by drawing wind and storm rose graphes and concentration of dust was calculated over a period. Results of sediment granulometry and hygrometry showed that more than 60% of the Maharloo Lake sediments were silt. Results of wind and storm roses showed that the direction of dominant wind is west and northwest; while the direction of erosive wind is western. According to the results of dust concentrations from two TSP and PM 2.5 samplers around the lake, it is derived that the amount of dust collected from the lake’s sediments is higher than normal. Also, based on the dominant wind direction, created dust would affect mostly villages around the lake and also, Sarvestan Township. Therefore, in regard to the percentage of particles frequency containing Maharloo Lake’s sediments and their high sensitivity to wind erosion, this challenge described in advanced will soon become apparent to other cities located in Fars province and even to other adjucent provinces.
Desert Management
Iranian Scientific Association of Desert Management and Control (ISADMC)
2476-3985
6
v.
12
no.
2019
49
60
https://www.jdmal.ir/article_34754_4f329e3be255c4df5109bc4ff9e87a6e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/jdmal.2019.34754
Site Suitability Analysis for Solar Power Plant Establishment Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods (Case Study: Arid Region of Sistan)
Hossein
Piri Sahragard
Assistant Professor, Water and Soil Faculty, Range and Watershed Department, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
author
Meysam
Amiri
Academic Staff, Hamoun International Wetland Research Institute, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
author
Sanaz
Tanakian
M.Sc Graduated, Combating of Desertification, Range and Watershed Department, Water and Soil Faculty, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
author
text
article
2019
per
Identification of suitable sites for solar power plant establishment in arid regions is very important for using high potential solar energy. This study aimed to identify more important factors influencing site selection for solar power plant establishment and to determine highly suitable sites to establish solar power plants in Sistan region. Influencing factors on site selection were selected based on experts’ opinion using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with regard to climatic, geographic, socio-economic and environmental variables. Paired comparison of criteria and sub-criteria was performed using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to determine the weight of each criteria. After preparing of the layers of criteria using GIS teqhniques, weights of criteria were multiplied in their corresponding layer. Finally, site suitability map for solar power plant establishment in Sistan region was prepared at five classes through overlaying of layers. Based on results, 4.8 percent of Sistan region, which is located in the southern part of Zahak and Hamoun cities and eastern parts of Nimrouz city, has an excellent suitability for solar power plants establishment. In addition, 36.6% of the study area has a good suitability, 0.5% has a moderate suitability and 18%, which is located in Bandan and Sefidabeh areas, has a poor suitability for solar power plants. Furthermore, sunny hours, temperature and elevation parameters because of having more weight, were identified as the most important criteria. Results indicated that about 45% of Sistan region has high suitability for solar power plants establishment. Therefore, the investment risk of the solar power plants in Sistan region is low. Maximum utilization of solar energy can provide a favorable condition for economic development and increasing the survival of people in Sistan region.
Desert Management
Iranian Scientific Association of Desert Management and Control (ISADMC)
2476-3985
6
v.
12
no.
2019
61
74
https://www.jdmal.ir/article_34760_4938f80e5322bbfb0096b2e41739fa7f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/jdmal.2019.34760
Analysis and Clustering of Dust Storms in Estern of Iran
Zahra
Yarmoradi
Ph.D. in Climatology, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
author
Behrouz
Nasiri
Associate Professor, Department of Climatology, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
author
Mostafa
Karampour
Assistant Professor, Department of Climatology, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
author
Gholamhasan
Mohamadi
Meteorological Expert of East Azarbaijan, Tabriz
author
text
article
2019
per
One of the most common and destructive phenomena in arid and desert regions is dust which can have negative effects on the environment. Eastern half of the country has always been exposed to this phenomenon due to its geographical location and even to 120-day winds. The present study aims analyze and Clustering dust storms in eastern of Iran. For this purpose, hourly data of dusty days, phenomena code, horizontal visibility, wind direction, speed and current weather of 17 weather stations in eastern Iran during period of 1986 to 2016 were used. Dust storm codes were used for statistical analysis. Then, trend type and value were detected using Mann-Kendall (MK) and Sen's estimator tests Using WRPLOT View, dust rose of the area was drawn. Results showed that the frequency of dust storms in July was the highest and the lowest occured in December. The intensity and distribution of dust in the south-east of the region was more than other regions. Results of MK test suggested a significant increase in southeast, central and northwest stations, while most stations in north part of the region showed a significant decrease. Dust rose results also probes the direction and speed of winds causing dusty storm were different in east and west of the region. The direction of wind causing dusty storm in the eastern half is between 70° to 300°, while in western part of the region, wind blows between 260° to 280° geographic coordinate system at speed of more than 11 m/s.
Desert Management
Iranian Scientific Association of Desert Management and Control (ISADMC)
2476-3985
6
v.
12
no.
2019
75
88
https://www.jdmal.ir/article_34758_ac7b370f0daf1bb7020ac098fd5e671a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/jdmal.2019.34758
Performance Comparison of MODIS and Landsat Data in Estimating of NPP in Arid Regions of Isfahan Province
Fatemeh
Hadian
PhD student of Range Management, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
author
Reza
Jafari
Associate Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
author
Hossein
Bashari
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
author
Mostafa
Tarkesh
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
author
text
article
2019
per
Net primary production (NPP) is one of the most important factors in ecosystem's function, which is affected by biological and climatic factors. The main objective of the current research was to investigate the potential of the CASA (carnegie-ames-stanford approach) model in determining the spatial and temporal distribution of NPP in rangland types of arid regions of Isfahan province using MODIS and Landsat. For this purpose, satellite and climatic data such as rainfall, temperature, monthly and sunny hours, were used. The NPP was modeled on two Landsat and MODIS scales and correlations between field measurements and CASA model were investigated based on rangeland conditions and vegetation types. Results showed that the highest plant production in the region was during the March-May months. Crrelation between CASA model with field data occurred in MODIS was higher than Landsat data. Based on the relations, the values of NPP and LUE (light use efficiency) were investigated in the region. The NPP spatial distribution and LUE values indicated that the amount of annual production and photosynthesis efficiency were decreased in degraded rangelands (poor and very poor conditions) compared to fair rangeland condition. The highest and lowest amount of NPP observed in Artemisia sieberi – Zygophyllum Spp (9.35 g C/m2 y-1) and Annual grasses - Annual forbs (0.2 g C/m2 y-1), respectively. The amount of NPP and LUE in shrublands and annual plant types were higher than bushlands.Results of this research probes the importance of biological classification, climate and scale of study in NPP modeling. Moreover, the stratification of rangelands based on life forms and range conditions has principal role in accuracy of the NPP estimation.
Desert Management
Iranian Scientific Association of Desert Management and Control (ISADMC)
2476-3985
6
v.
12
no.
2019
89
106
https://www.jdmal.ir/article_34762_6ec9f4dcd6a381878beff6115c7386f6.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/jdmal.2019.34762
Comparison of Phytoremediation Capacity of Ailanthus altissima Mill. and Fraxinus excelsior L. in Removal of Nitrate and Phosphate in Water
Sima
Shafei Esfeden
M.Sc Student, Combating of Desertification, Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
author
Sayed Hamid
Matinkhah
Associate Professor, Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
author
text
article
2019
per
Environmental pollution as a desertification consequences, is one of the most important challenges in human societies.Nitrate and phosphate are two important pollutants, which are created from chemical fertilizer and cause water resources pollution.There are different techniques for remediation,but due to the sensitive and fragile propertise of deserts ecosystem,phytoremediation process is a natural remedy utilized by agricultural system. This study aims to assess the phytoremediation potential of Ailanthus altissima Mill. and Fraxinus excelsior L. for removal of Nitrate and phosphate in waterby factorial experiment in randomized complete block design. Firstly, a total number of 96 trees from the two species were planted in Isfahan University of Technology. In the current study, three levels of phosphate (5-10-50 mg/L) and nitrate (5-10-50 mg/L) for each of the species were and a blank sample with three were considered replicates. Nitrate and phosphate pollutants were investigated in three densities of 5-10-50 mg/L in 3 replications. Afterwards, the level of nitrate and phosphate removal were measured. Results show that nitrate removal levels in 5, 10 and 50 mg/L concentrations in first week by A. altissima are 74.53, 75.23, and 79.95% and by F. excelsior are 79.04, 80.65, and 83.97%, respectively. Likewise, phosphate removal in 5, 10 and 50 mg/L concentrations by A. altissima are 74.10, 77.18, and 82.81% and by F. excelsior are 74.16, 79.87, and 83.56%, respectively. There is a significant difference between A. altissima and F. excelsior in removing nitrate and phosphate.
Desert Management
Iranian Scientific Association of Desert Management and Control (ISADMC)
2476-3985
6
v.
12
no.
2019
107
118
https://www.jdmal.ir/article_34755_69c720feac27d015cfb127a887dedee4.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/jdmal.2019.34755