بررسی تأثیر تغییر اقلیم بر تحرک‌پذیری تپه‌های ماسه‌ای در شهرستان سبزوار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیأت علمی بخش بیابان، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.

2 عضو هیأت علمی بخش مرتع، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

تپه‌های ماسه‌ای از پویاترین عارضه‌های ژئومورفیک سطح زمین به شمار می‌روند. براین‌اساس، شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر تحرک پذیری و پیش‌بینی وضعیت آن‌ها در آینده، به‌منظور کنترل فرسایش بادی ضروری است. با توجه به قرارگیری شهرستان سبزوار در مسیر پرترددترین خط‌آهن کشور و وجود تپه‌های ماسه‌ای در اطراف این شهرستان، این محدوده برای پژوهش حاضر انتخاب شد. بدین‌منظور، پس از محاسبۀ درصد فراوانی بادهای فرسایش‌زا و شاخص خشکی، با بهره‌گیری از شاخص لنکستر برپایۀ نسبت میانگین بارندگی سالانه‎‎ ‎‎و تبخیر و تعرق پتانسیل‎ ‎‎سالانه، وضعیت تحرک‌پذیری تپه‌های ماسه‌ای در دورۀ آماری 1990 تا 2016‏  تحلیل شد. در ادامه، به‌منظور پیش‌بینی اثر تغییر اقلیم بر تحرک‌پذیری تپه‌های ماسه‌ای از آزمون تحلیل حساسیت استفاده شد. مقادیر شاخص لنکستر در این ایستگاه وضعیت غیرفعال را در دورۀ آماری مورد بررسی نشان نداده است. بررسی ارتباط میان شاخص خشکی و تحرک‌پذیری تپه‌های ماسه‌ای نشان گر تأثیر معنی دار خشکی بر میزان تحرک و فعالیت تپه‌های ماسه‌ای است. نتایج تحلیل حساسیت نشان داد که در صورت افزایش فراوانی بادهای فرساینده و تبخیر تعرق پتانسیل به مقدار ‏%30، فعالیت تپه های ماسه‌ای در ایستگاه سبزوار ‏%38 ‏افزایش خواهد یافت. همچنین، با توجه به ظرفیت ذرات جامد در ایجاد گردوغبار، مکان قرارگیری تپه‌های ماسه‌ای و بررسی گل‌غبارهای محلی در ایستگاه سبزوار، اولویت تثبیت با تپه‌های واقع در شرق منطقۀ مطالعاتی است.

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