کانی‌شناسی و ریخت‌شناسی ذرات تشکیل‌دهنده غبارهای ریزشی در غرب استان تهران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری بیابانزدایی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

2 استاد ، دانشگاه تهران / دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه احیای مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

4 دانشیار ، دانشگاه تهران / دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

چکیده

در سال­‌های اخیر خشکسالی، طوفان­‌های مکرر، فعالیت­‌های صنعتی و معدنی، سبب افزایش غبار ریزشی در حومۀ شهر تهران شده و انتشار آن در غرب استان تهران روند رو به رشدی داشته است. شهرستان ملارد در غرب استان تهران با آب‌وهوای خشک و بیابانی، به‌عنوان منطقۀ مطالعاتی انتخاب شد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر شناسایی فلزات سنگین، کانی­‌ها و ریخت­ شناسی ذرات رسوب و منشأیابی آنها در شهرستان ملارد است. رسوبات غبار ریزشی به کمک غبارگیر تیله‌ای به‌­طور فصلی، در 30 ایستگاه جمع‌­آوری شد. نمونه‌­برداری خاک و رسوب سطحی به روش سیستماتیک-تصادفی در 14 رخسارۀ دشت­‌سر و پلایا انجام شد و در مجموع 83 نمونه از واحدهای کاری جمع‌­آوری شد. به منظور تعیین شکل و اندازۀ ذرات غبار ریزشی از میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی (SEM) و برای شناسایی کانی­‌های موجود در ذرات غبار ریزشی از پراش پرتوایکس (XRD) استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که بخش عمدۀ ترکیبات شیمیایی ذرات غبار ریزشی از Mg، P، K، Fe، Cr، V، Ni، Li، Mo، Cs، Sc، Zr و Ti تشکیل شده است. این عناصر در قالب کانی­‌های رسی، کوارتز، کلسیت و ژیپس با پوششی از جنس کانی­‌های دولومیت، هماتیت و مسکووییت است که منشأ داخلی دارند و از مسافت نزدیک توسط جریان باد به منطقه حمل شده‌­اند. براساس نتایج آنالیزهای SEM ریخت ذرات زاویه­‌دار و نیمه‌مدور بود و شاهدی بر وجود منبع محلی و انسانی و نزدیک‌ بودن منشأ ذرات ریزشی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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مدیریت بیابان
دوره 9، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 20
6 مقاله
اسفند 1400
صفحه 1-22

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 21 آذر 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 20 بهمن 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 24 بهمن 1400

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