بهره‌گیری از حصیر گیاه خرما (.Palma dactylifera L) برای کاهش تبخیر آب در مناطق خشک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت و کنترل بیابان، دانشکده کویرشناسی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران.

2 دانشیار، دانشکدة کویرشناسی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران.

3 استاد، دانشکدة مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران.

چکیده

هدر رفت آب از مخازن در کشور، به‌ویژه مناطق مرکزی و جنوب شرقی، به‌­دلیل اقلیم خشک و دمای زیاد، قابل توجه است. بنابراین برای حفاظت از منابع آب قابل استفاده کشور باید مقدار تبخیر از سطح مخازن آبی کاسته شود. در پژوهش حاضر، کارآیی حصیر گیاه خرما  (.Palma dactylifera L) با دو سطح پوشش 50% و 100% به­‌عنوان پوشش­‌های کاهندۀ تبخیر از سطح تشت‌­های تبخیر کلرادو در دانشگاه سمنان مورد بررسی قرارگرفت. کارآیی پوشش­‌های­ نامبرده با سه تکرار و در مقایسه با شاهد به مدت 30 روز در فصل‌های مختلف سال­‌های 1398 و 1400 شمسی، با استفاده از روش مقایسه میانگین‌­ها بررسی ­شد. بر طبق نتایج آزمون مقایسه میانگین داده‌­ها به روش دانکن، پوشش­‌های 50% و 100% به لحاظ تبخیر و دمای آب با شاهد اختلاف معنی‌داری در سطح 1­% داشتند. یافته‌­های پژوهش حاضر نشان­ داد که در فصل بهار، تبخیر تشت­‌های با پوشش 50% و 100% به‌ترتیب 9% و 70%، در فصل تابستان صفر و 72%، در فصل پاییز  39% و 72% و در فصل زمستان 3% و 78% نسبت به شاهد کاهش نشان دادند. به‌طور کلی، حصیر گیاه خرما با پوشش 100% در سطوح تشت­‌های تبخیر کلرادو بهترین عملکرد را نشان داد. با توجه به یافته‌­های حاصل از پژوهش حاضر، انتظار می‌­رود در مناطق خشک و بیابانی، برای کاهش تبخیر از مخازن و استخرهای آب، پوشش حصیر خرما کاربرد داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


  1. Abbas Dawood, K., Rashid, F. L., & Hashim, A. (2013). Reduction of evaporation losses from water reservoirs. Energy and Environmental Research, 1(1), 23-29.
  2. Afkhami, H., Malekinezhad, H., Esmailzadeh, E., & Azizian, A. (2017a). Designing and construction of Foamthalate pHysical coverage using polymeric waste for evaporation reduction from acidic effluents. Environment and Water Engineering, 3(1), 54-65. (in Farsi)
  3. Afkhami, H., Ekhtesasi, M., & Esmailzadeh, E. (2019). Evaluation the performance of unoconcrete floating cover to reduse evaporation from open water resources. Watershed Management Science, 13(44), 48-51. (in Farsi)
  4. Afkhami, H., Malekinezhad, H., & Esmailzadeh, E. (2018). Effect of floating balls on evaporation reduction from open of water resources (case study: tailing dam of sarcheshmeh copper mine) Kerman. Arid Biome, 8(1), 59-73. (in Farsi)
  5. Alam, S., & Alshaikh, A. (2013). Use of palm fronds as shaded cover for evaporation reduction to improve water storage efficiency. Journal of King Saud University – Engineering Sciences, 25(1), 55-58.
  6. Al-Hassoun, S. A., Mohammed, T. A., & Nurdin, J. (2009). Evaporation reduction from impounding reservoirs in arid areas palm leaves. Engineering and Applied Sciences, 4, 247-250.
  7. Alvarez, M., Bille, A., Jose Miguel molina, R., & Maria Milagros, G. (2006). Effects black polyethylene shade covers on the evaporation rate of agricultural reservoirs. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 4(4), 280-288.
  8. Alam, S., & Alshaikh, A. (2013). Use of palm fronds as shaded cover for evaporation reduction to improve water storage efficiency. Journal of King Saud University – Engineering Sciences, 25(1), 55-58.
  9. Bagherian Ardabiliyan, P. (2009). Investigating the methods of reducing evaporation from water resources and reservoirs with a look at the evaporation situation in the surface waters of East Azerbaijan province. 3rd Conference on Water Resources Management, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. (in Farsi)
  10. Elsebaie, I. H., Fouli, H., & Amin, M. (2017). Evaporation reduction from open water tanks using palm-frond covers: effects of tank shape and coverage pattern. Ksce Journal of Civil Engineering, 21(7), 2977-2983.
  11. Farasati, M., Fataabadi, H., & Rouhani, H. (2021). Evaluation of combined models Efficiency for improving the evaporation modeling. Scientific Research Journal of Irrigation and Water Engineering of Iran, 11(44), 276-294. (in Farsi)
  12. Gallego-Elvira, B., Baille, A., Martin-Gorriz, B., Maestre-Valero, J. F., & Martinez-Alvarez, V. (2011). Energy balance and evaporation loss of an irrigation reservoir equipped with a suspended cover in a semiarid climate in south eastern of Spain. Hydrological Processes, 25, 1694-1703.
  13. Ghazvinian, H. R. (2020). Field study of the effect of different pHysical coatings on reducing evaporation from the surface of water reservoirs. Master of Science thesis, Semnan University: Semnan, Iran. (in Farsi)
  14. Ghazvinian, H. R., Karami, H., Farzin, S., & Mousavi, S. F. (2020). Experimental study of evaporation reduction using polystyrene coating, wood and wax and its estimation by intelligent algorithms. Irrigation and Water Engineering of Iran, 11(42), 147-165. (in Farsi)
  15. Genanu, M., Alamirew, T., Senay, G., & Gebremichael, M. (2017). Remote sensing basedestimation of evapo-transpiration using selected algorithms: the case of Wonji Shoa sugarcane estate, Ethiopia. International Journal of Sensors and Sensor Networks, 5(1), 1-13.
  16. Grandos, D. M., Valiro, J., Calatrava, J., & Martinze- Alvarez, V. (2011). The economic impact of water evaporation losses from water reservois in the Segura Basin, SE Spain. Water Resources Management, 25, 3153-3175.
  17. Haghighi, E., Madani, K., & Hoekstra, A. )2018(. The water footprint of water conservation using shade balls in California. Nature Sustainability, 1(7), 358-360. (in Farsi)
  18. Kazemi Fard, A. (2018). Laboratory study of displacement of floating coatings reducing evaporation under the effect of wave force. Master of Science thesis, Shahid Bahonar University: Kerman, Iran. (in Farsi)
  19. Mazaheri, A., & Abedi Kopai, J. (2019). Evaporation reduction from water reservoirs using floating coatings. Soil and Water Research, 49(3), 597-605. (in Farsi)
  20. Maram, M., Shalaby, I., Nassar, A., & Abdallah, M. (2021). Evaporation suppression from open water surface using various floating covers with consideration of water ecology. Hydrology, 598, 126-482.
  21. Martinze- Grandos, D., Maestre – Valero, J., Calatrava, Javier., & Martinze- Alvarez, V. (2011). The economic impact of water evaporation losses from water reservois in the Segura Basin, SE Spain, Water Resources Management, 25, 3153-3175.
  22. Moradi Mazraeno, H. R., Talebi, M. S., & Hssanzadeh, M. (2014). Evaluation of evaporation reduction from agricultural water storage ponds using ionolithic coating (case study: Aqda region). The First National Conference on the Application of New Sciences and Technologies in Agriculture and Natural Resources, Yazd, Iran. (in Farsi)
  23. Nourani, V., & Sayyah Fard, M. (2013). Sensitivity analysis of ANN input in estimating daily evaporation. Water and Wastewater, 24(3), 88-100. (in Farsi)
  24. Piri, M., Hesam, M., Dehghani, A. A., Meftah Halaghi, M., & Ghazali, A. A. (2009). Determining of effect of using heavy alcohols on reduction of evaporation in water storage surface. Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 16(2), 284-293. (in Farsi)
  25. Ranjbar, A., Mahdavian, A. S., & Maknon, R. (2012). Investigating the possibility of using perlite lightweight concrete floating plates to reduce the evaporation of dam reservoirs. First International Conference and 3th National conference on Dam and Hydroelectric Power Plants, Tehran, Iran. (in Farsi)
  26. Soltani, S., & Marid, S. (2003). Comparison of informative models with artificial neural network in simulation of rainfall-runoff process. 6th International Seminar on River Engineering, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran. (in Farsi)
  27. Shalaby, M., Nassar, I., & Abdallah, A. (2021). Evaporation suppression from open water surface using various floating covers with consideration of water ecology. Hydrology, 598, 126-482.
  28. Shabani, M. (2022). Estimation of Daily Evaporation Rate using Artificial Neural Network in Shiraz and Zarghan Cities. Regional Planning Scientific Quarterly.12(46), 1-16. (in Farsi)
  29. Simon, K., Shanbhag, R., & Slocum, A. (2015). Reducing evaporation water losses from irrigation ponds through the reuse of polyethylene terepHthalate bottles, Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 142(2), 1-5.
  30. Silva, C., Gonzales, D., & Suarez, F. (2016). An experimental and numerical study of evaporation reduction in a salt-gradient solar pond using floating discs, Solar Energy, 142, 204-214.
  31. Taboada, M., Caceres, L., Graber, T., Galleguillos, H., Cabeza, L. F. and Rojas, R. (2017). Solar water heating system and pHotovoltaic floating cover to reduce evaporation: Experimental Results and Modeling. Renewable Energy, 105, 601-615.