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<!DOCTYPE ArticleSet PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD PubMed 2.7//EN" "https://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/ncbi/pubmed/in/PubMed.dtd">
<ArticleSet>
<Article>
<Journal>
				<PublisherName>انجمن علمی مدیریت و کنترل مناطق بیابانی ایران</PublisherName>
				<JournalTitle>مدیریت بیابان</JournalTitle>
				<Issn>2476-3985</Issn>
				<Volume>13</Volume>
				<Issue>3</Issue>
				<PubDate PubStatus="epublish">
					<Year>2025</Year>
					<Month>11</Month>
					<Day>22</Day>
				</PubDate>
			</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Assessment of the Role of Water Erosion Intensity in Soil Property Alterations within the Framework of Sustainable Land Management in Arid Regions (Case Study: Sarbaz Watershed, Southeastern Iran)</ArticleTitle>
<VernacularTitle>بررسی نقش شدت فرسایش آبی بر تغییر ویژگی‌های خاک در چارچوب مدیریت پایدار اراضی بیابانی (بررسی موردی: حوزۀ آبخیز سرباز)</VernacularTitle>
			<FirstPage>37</FirstPage>
			<LastPage>58</LastPage>
			<ELocationID EIdType="pii">728859</ELocationID>
			
<ELocationID EIdType="doi">10.22034/jdmal.2025.2067347.1509</ELocationID>
			
			<Language>FA</Language>
<AuthorList>
<Author>
					<FirstName>محمدرضا</FirstName>
					<LastName>دهمرده قلعه نو</LastName>
<Affiliation>دانشیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده آب و خاک، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران</Affiliation>

</Author>
<Author>
					<FirstName>مرتضی</FirstName>
					<LastName>صابری</LastName>
<Affiliation>دانشیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده آب و خاک، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران</Affiliation>

</Author>
</AuthorList>
				<PublicationType>Journal Article</PublicationType>
			<History>
				<PubDate PubStatus="received">
					<Year>2025</Year>
					<Month>07</Month>
					<Day>29</Day>
				</PubDate>
			</History>
		<Abstract>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;The Sarbaz watershed—characterized by steep terrain, episodic intense rainfall, and sparse vegetation—exhibits a high susceptibility to severe water erosion. This research investigated how varying water‐erosion intensities affect the physical, chemical, and biological attributes of soils within the Sarbaz watershed. Soil sampling was conducted across four erosion‐intensity classes (none, low, moderate, severe) at a depth of 0–30 cm using a completely randomized design. Composite samples were analyzed via one‑way ANOVA in SPSS, and inter-parameter correlations were examined in R to identify significant statistical relationships. Increasing erosion intensity reduced clay content (26.4 → 18.1 %), increased bulk density (1.33 → 1.64 g cm⁻³), and lowered both porosity and gravimetric moisture (14.4 → 6.7 %). Chemically, substantial declines occurred in soil nutrients: SOC (11.87 → 2.03 g kg⁻¹), TN (0.93 → 0.17 g kg⁻¹), AP (18.5 → 4.2 mg kg⁻¹), and AK (279 → 102 mg kg⁻¹). Biological indices, including catalase activity, microbial biomass, and basal respiration—also decreased markedly under higher erosion intensities. The decline in microbial carbon relative to total carbon indicated reduced microbial participation in carbon stabilization and biogeochemical cycling. Overall, water erosion substantially degraded soil structure and functionality, with the most pronounced impacts on organic matter and microbial biomass—two critical determinants of biological sustainability and fertility. Therefore, scientifically grounded management and conservation strategies are indispensable for preserving and restoring the physical, chemical, and biological integrity of soils across the Sarbaz watershed, constituting a foundational step toward sustainable land management in this arid environment.&lt;/span&gt;</Abstract>
			<OtherAbstract Language="FA">&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt;حوزۀ‌آبخیز سرباز با شیب‌های تند، بارش‌های رگباری و پوشش گیاهی محدود، مستعد فرسایش شدید خاک است. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر شدت‌های مختلف فرسایش آبی بر ویژگی‌های فیزیکی، شیمیایی و زیستی خاک در حوزۀ‌آبخیز سرباز انجام شد. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt;نمونه‌برداری خاک در چهار طبقه شدت فرسایش: بدون فرسایش، کم، متوسط و شدید و از عمق &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;صفر&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt; تا &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;۳۰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt; با روش کاملاً تصادفی و به طور ترکیبی انجام‌شدد و داده‌های حاصل با آزمون&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; ANOVA &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt;تحلیل شد. همچنین، همبستگی بین متغیرها بررسی شد تا ارتباطات آماری میان آنها مشخص شود&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;نتایج نشان داد که افزایش شدت فرسایش، موجب کاهش درصد رس از ۴/۲۶ به&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;Arial&#039;,sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;٪&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;۱/۱۸، افزایش جرم مخصوص ظاهری از ۳۳/۱ به&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;gcm-3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;۶۴/۱، کاهش رطوبت وزنی خاک از ۴/۱۴ به&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;۷/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;Arial&#039;,sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;٪&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;۶ و کاهش تخلخل می‌شود. از نظر شیمیایی، کاهش معنی‌داری در عناصر تغذیه‌ای خاک مشاهده شد، به‌طوری‌که &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;;&quot;&gt;SOC &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;از ۸۷/۱۱ به &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;;&quot;&gt;g /kg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;۰۳/۲&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt;،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;TN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; از ۹۳/۰ به &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;;&quot;&gt;g /kg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;۱۷/۰ ، &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;AP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; از ۵/۱۸ به &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;;&quot;&gt;mg /kg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;۲/۴ و &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;AK&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt; از ۲۷۹ به &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;;&quot;&gt;mg /kg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-language: FA;&quot;&gt;۱۰۲ کاهش یافت. شاخص‌های زیستی فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز، زیست‌توده میکروبی و تنفس پایه، در شدت‌های زیاد فرسایش کاهش معناداری نشان دادند. نسبت کربن میکروبی به کربن کل نیز کاهش یافت که بیانگر تضعیف نقش میکروارگانیسم‌ها در تثبیت کربن و چرخه‌های بیوژئوشیمیایی است. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt;این یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهند که فرسایش آبی ساختار و عملکرد خاک را تضعیف می‌کند. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt;به‌طور کلی، بیشترین تأثیر فرسایش بر مواد آلی و زیست‌توده میکروبی خاک مشاهده شد، که نقش کلیدی در کاهش پایداری زیستی و حاصلخیزی خاک دارند&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt; بنابراین، طراحی و اجرای راهکارهای مدیریتی و حفاظتی مبتنی بر اصول علمی برای حفظ و احیای ویژگی‌های فیزیکی، شیمیایی و زیستی خاک در حوزۀ‌آبخیز سرباز، برای &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt;مدیریت پایدار اراضی بیابانی&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;; mso-ascii-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;;&quot;&gt;این منطقه مهم‌است&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#039;B Nazanin&#039;;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;</OtherAbstract>
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			<Param Name="value">پایداری خاک، خاک‌های خشک و نیمه‌خشک، چرخه بیوژئوشیمیایی، فعالیت میکروبی، آنزیم کاتالاز</Param>
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