واکاوی روند دمای سطح زمین در ایران مرکزی به پایۀ سری‌ زمانی داده‌های ماهواره‌ای در طی سال‌های 1380 تا 1396

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته گروه محیط زیست طبیعی و تنوع زیستی، دانشکدۀ محیط زیست کرج، کرج، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه ارزیابی و مخاطرات محیط زیست، پژوهشکده محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار، سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه تنوع زیستی و ایمنی زیستی، پژوهشکدۀ محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار، سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست، تهران، ایران.

4 دانشیار گروه محیط زیست طبیعی و تنوع زیستی، دانشکدۀ محیط زیست کرج، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

دمای اتمسفر زمین نسبت به گذشته تقریباً 0.74 C°  افزایش یافته است و موجب ایجاد تغییرات گسترده آب و هوایی و وسیع در زندگی و فعالیت‌های انسان‌ها، گیاهان، جانواران و به‌طور کلی محیط زیست شده­ است. شواهد نشان می‌دهند که تغییرات آب و هوایی منجر به انقراض‌های زیادی در جهان خواهد شد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی و تحلیل روند تغییرات دمای سطح زمین در محدوده ایران مرکزی با به کارگیری داده‌های سنجش از دور و فناوری‌های سری زمانی است. داده‌های مورد استفاده در پژوهش حاضر، مربوط به سنجنده مودیس و ماهواره ترا  هستند و پژوهش حاضر طی سال‌های 2002 (1380) تا 2018 (1396) انجام شد. به منظور انجام پژوهش، از آزمون‌های روش‌های من‌کندال و همبستگی خطی استفاده شد. این آزمون‌ها برای بررسی متغیرهای مختلف دمایی مانند بیشینه، کمینه و میانه دمای ماهانه و سالانه و با هدف تحلیل دمای سطح زمین روزانه و شبانه استفاده شدند. با بررسی نقشه‌های خروجی مشخص شد این دو آزمون دارای نتایج یکسانی هستند. از این‌رو، بررسی روند تغییرات دمای سطح زمین با استفاده از هر دو‌ آزمون‌ها امکان‌پذیر است. در پژوهش حاضر، نقشه‌های آزمون همبستگی خطی مورد استفاده قرارگرفت. نتایج نشان داد در محدوده مورد بررسی، بیشترین افزایش معنی‌داری درجه حرارت در استان‌های قم، سمنان و اصفهان مشاهده شد و کاهش معنی‌داری، در استان‌های یزد و اصفهان مشاهده شد. پژوهش‌ها حاکی از اختلاف درجه حرارت شبانه روز، افزایش دمای سطح زمین و شکنندگی بوم‌­نظام‌ها در اثر تغییر اقلیم در مناطق خشک و بیابانی است که مطالعه حاضر این مطلب را تایید کرد و نتایج می­‌تواند برای مدیریت بهتر درجه حرارت و متغیرهای وابسته به آن، موثر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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