بررسی قابلیت شاخص‌های بیوفیزیک ماهواره‌ای اجزای تعادل انرژی و تبخیر و تعرق واقعی در ارزیابی تغییرات رطوبتی خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت و کنترل بیابان، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی و کویرشناسی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه مدیریت مناطق خشک و بیابانی، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی و کویرشناسی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران.

چکیده

رطوبت خاک سطحی یکی از متغیرهای مهم در فرآیندهای هیدرولوژیک است که بر تبادل جریان آب و انرژی بین سطح زمین و جو تأثیر می گذارد. برآورد دقیق تغییرات مکانی و زمانی رطوبت خاک برای بررسی­‌های مختلف محیطی بسیار مهم است. پیشرفت­‌های اخیر فنآوری در سنجش از دور ماهواره‌­ای نشان داده است که رطوبت خاک با انواع روش­‌های سنجش از دور قابل اندازه­‌گیری است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، برآورد شاخص­‌های بیوفیزیک و تبخیر و تعرق با استفاده از خوارزمیک سبال (SEBAL) و ارائه شاخص رطوبت خاک با استفاده از روش رگرسیون مولفه اصلی در اراضی شرق دریاچه بختگان، استان فارس است. به همین منظور پنج تصویر ماهواره لندست 8 مربوط به ماه‌های فروردین، اردیبهشت، خرداد و تیر سال 1396 شمسی انتخاب و تصحیح­‌های اولیه بر روی تصاویر، انجام شد. برای اجرای خوارزمیک سبال از داده‌های هواشناسی ایستگاه همدیدی مرودشت استفاده شد. با بهره­‌گیری از شاخص‌­های بیوفیزیک همانند آلبیدو، شار تابش خالص، شار گرمای خاک، تبخیر و تعرق، شاخص نرمال شده پوشش گیاهی و دمای سطح زمین به روش رگرسیون مولفه اصلی شاخص رطوبت خاک، مدل­‌سازی شد. برای صحت ­سنجی مدل از شاخص TVDI استفاده شد. ضریب R2 و شاخص F مدل برابر با 0/966 و 1651581/9 است که نشان دهندۀ دقت زیاد مدل برای برآورد شاخص رطوبت خاک در هر پیکسل در مناطق مختلف با شرایط مختلف و پوشش گیاهی متنوع است. نتایج نشان داد که برای برآورد دقیق­تر مقدار رطوبت خاک افزون بر دما و پوشش گیاهی، دیگر شاخص‌­های بیوفیزیک موثر بر مقدار رطوبت خاک سطحی می بایست در نظر گرفته­ شود.

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