شبیه‌سازی عددی توفان گردوغبار شدید کرمانشاه (مطالعه موردی: رخداد 4 تا 6 آبان 1397)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری آب و هواشناسی، گروه آب و هواشناسی، دانشکده برنامه‌ریزی و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

2 دانش آموختۀ دکتری هواشناسی، پژوهشکدة هواشناسی و علوم جو، تهران، ایران.

3 استاد آب و هواشناسی، گروه آب و هواشناسی، دانشکدۀ برنامه‌ریزی و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

4 کارشناسی ارشد آب و هواشناسی، گروه آب و هواشناسی، دانشکدۀ برنامه‌ریزی و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

چکیده

قرار گرفتن ایران در نواحی بیابانی موجب افزایش رخداد توفان‌­های گردوغبار در نواحی غربی ایران به­‌ویژه شهر کرمانشاه و تأثیر نامطلوب محیط زیستی شده­ است. از آن جایی که یکی از چشمه­‌های اصلی در گسیل ذرات معلق به جو، سطوح بیابانی است، مسائلی از قبیل توفان ماسه، غلظت زیاد ذرات گردوغبار و کاهش دید از مشکلات عمدۀ اقلیمی در کشور است. هدف این پژوهش، بررسی عملکرد مدل عددی میان ‌مقیاس هواشناسی- شیمی جو به نام مدل WRF-Chem در شبیه‌سازی غلظت گردوغبارِ شهر کرمانشاه است. با مقایسۀ غلظت گردوغبار و توزیع مکانی متغیرهای هواشناسی شبیه‌سازی شده توسط مدل و مقدارهای مشاهداتی ذرات PM10 در کرمانشاه، کارآیی مدل WRF-chem  ازریابی شد. نتایج حاصل از شبیه­‌سازی ذرات PM10 برای روزهای مورد بررسی، بیابان‌­های مرکزی و غربی عراق، بیابان های سوریه، کویت و شمال عربستان را به عنوان منبع اصلی برداشت ذرات گردوغبار نمایش داد. به دلیل همبستگی منطقی گسیل ذرات گردوغبار با متغیرهای دما و رطوبت­‌نسبی، برآورد مناسب آنها، در میزان دقت شبیه‌­سازی ذرات PM10 بسیار مؤثر است. با توجه به تحلیل­‌های صورت گرفته برای متغیرهای PM10، دما و رطوبت‌نسبی و نمودارهای ترسیم شده و مقایسه‌­های انجام شده، توافقی مطلوب بین مقادیر شبیه‌سازی شده و اندازه‌گیری شده PM10، دما و رطوبت‌­نسبی را نشان داد.

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