بررسی تأثیر شدت‌های مختلف چرای دام بر کمیت و کیفیت تولید مراتع وکربن خاک در منطقة خبر بافت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه مهندسی طبیعت، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی طبیعت، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران.

3 گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فسا، فسا، ایران

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تغییرات کمیت و کیفیت تولید مراتع زیر چرای دام بر کربن خاک بوته‌­زارهای نیمه‌‏خشک انجام شد. ‏در سه منطقه قرق، چرای متوسط و چرای شدید 3 ترانسکت 100  متری با فاصله  50 متر از هم انداخته و در طول هر ترانسکت 10 پلات مستقر شد. برای مقایسه شدت­‌های مختلف چرایی از نظر متغیرهای کربن خاک، تولید سالانه، پروتئین، دیواره سلولی منهای همی‌سلولز و انرژی متابولیسمی از تحلیل واریانس یک­طرفه و آزمون حداقل اختلاف معنی‌دار بهره‌گیری شد. ارتباط کربن خاک و تولید سالانه با شاخص‌های کیفیت تولید با آزمون همبستگی پیرسون بررسی شد. تحلیل واریانس نشان داد که مناطق قرق، چرای متوسط و چرای شدید از نظر تولید سالانه، پروتئین، انرژی متابولیسمی و دیواره سلولی منهای همی‌سلولز اختلاف معنی‌داری با یکدیگر دارند (p<0.05)، اما اختلاف معنی­‌داری بین سه منطقه از نظر کربن خاک مشاهده نشد. تحلیل همبستگی پیرسون نشان داد که در منطقه قرق، تولید سالانه با شاخص‌های کیفیت تولید رابطه مثبت و معنی‌­دار و در منطقه چرای شدید رابطه منفی و معنی­‌داری دارد (p<0.01). رابطه معنی‌­داری کربن خاک و تولید سالانه (p<0.05) و شاخص‌های کیفیت تولید (p<0.05) در منطقه قرق مشاهده شد. در منطقه چرا، کربن خاک با تولید رابطه مثبت و معنی‌­داری ضعیفی دارد (p<0.05). گونه Artemisia aucheri به ترتیب با شاخص اهمیت 0.158 و 0.275 مهم­ترین گونه در مناطق قرق و چرای متوسط بود و گونه Bromus tectorum با شاخص اهمیت 0.358 مهمترین گونه در منطقه چرای شدید بود. تولید سالانه و کیفیت تولید شاخص‌های مناسبی برای پیش‌بینی نوسان کربن خاک در عملیات مدیریتی نیستند، زیرا این متغیرها عکس‌العمل متفاوتی نسبت به مدیریت چرا نشان دادند. با توجه به تأثیر مدیریت چرا بر دیگر کارکردهای بوم‌­نظام، برای مدیریت پایدار بوم‌­نظام­های مرتعی، پیشنهاد می­‌شود ارتباط کمی و کیفی تولید با دیگر کارکردهای مرتعی نیز بررسی شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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