کمبود آب مهمترین عامل حیات پوشش گیاهی در مناطق بیابانی است. کاشت گیاهان زراعی مقاوم به خشکی و روشهای مدیریت آن ضمن دستیابی به عملکرد قابل قبول، موجب توسعه پوشش گیاهی و کنترل بیابانزایی در این مناطق میشود. بدین منظور آزمایشی در مزرعه مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان جنوبی بهصورت کرتهای خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. در پژوهش حاضر تیمارهای مورد مطالعه شامل تاریخ کاشت در سه سطح 23 اردیبهشت، 7 و 22 خرداد بهعنوان کرت اصلی و تراکم گیاه در سه سطح 22.2، 11.1 و 7.4 بوته در مترمربع بهعنوان کرت فرعی بودند. ویژگیها فنولوژیک شامل تعداد روز تا سبز شدن، روز تا گلدهی، روز تا شروع دانهبندی، روز تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک، طول دوره رویشی، طول دوره زایشی، طول دوره گلدهی و ویژگیهای ریختشناسی شامل ارتفاع بوته، تعداد انشعابات ساقه اصلی، قطر ساقه و عملکرد دانه مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاکی از آن بود که اثر تاریخ کاشت بر تمام صفات مورد مطالعه بهجز قطر ساقه معنیداری بود. همچنین تأثیر تراکم بوته بر ویژگیهای ریختشناسی، تعداد روز تا گلدهی بوتههای ماده، روز تا شروع دانهبندی، روز تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک، طول دوره رویشی، طول دوره گلدهی و عملکرد دانه معنیدار شد. تأخیر در کاشت از 23 اردیبهشت به 22 خرداد، طول دوره مراحل فنولوژیک و رشد رویشی شاهدانه را کاهش معنیداری داد و در پایان موجب کاهش 48% عملکرد دانه شد. همچنین افزایش تراکم از 7.4 به 22.2 بوته در مترمربع، ضمن تأخیر در گلدهی، عملکرد دانه را 15.4% افزایش داد.
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