در سالهای اخیر، پدیده گردوغبار به یکی از مهمترین چالشهای زیست محیطی در سراسر جهان تبدیل شده است. کشور ایران با توجه به حاکم بودن اقلیم خشک و نیمهخشک بر آن، همیشه از تولید و گسترش مواد معلق در هوا بهویژه گردوغبار آسیب دیده است. در پژوهش حاضر به ارزیابی روند و شدت تغییرات گردوغبار با استفاده از شاخص عمق نوری هواویز یا Aerosol Optical Depth در نیمهشرقی ایران پرداخته شد. بدین منظور ابتدا در سامانه گوگل ارث انجین از دادههای AOD باند آبی با طول موج nm470 محصول MCD19A2 سنجنده مودیس در مقیاس زمانی روزانه میانگینگیری شد و دادههای ماهانه AOD از ابتدای سال 1380 تا انتهای سال 1401 استخراج شد. در مرحله بعد ماههای دارای بیشترین میانگین AOD انتخاب شد و ارزیابی روند و شدت تغییرات گردوغبار بر روی دادههای این ماهها انجام. بهمنظور ارزیابی روند تغییرات AOD از آزمون منکندال و همچنین برای ارزیابی شدت تغییرات آن از رگرسیون خطی استفاده شد. نتایج حاکی از آن است که بیشترین مقدار AOD در محدوده مورد بررسی در چهار ماه آوریل، می، ژوئن و جولای معادل با ماههای شمسی فروردین تا مرداد رخ داده است. همچنین نتایج تحلیل روند و شدت تغییرات AOD در ماه آوریل با احتمال بیش از 70% و با شدت زیاد و خیلی زیاد در بیشتر مناطق مورد بررسی در حال افزایش است. این درحالی است که شاخص مورد بررسی در ماههای می، ژوئن و جولای بهترتیب در بخش قابل ملاحظهای از نیمهغربی، نیمهشمالی و نیمهشرقی با شدتهای مختلف با احتمال بیش از 70% در حال افزایش است. با توجه به نتایج پژوهش حاضر لازم است با مدیریت مناسب، عوامل مؤثر بر ایجاد گردوغبار در مناطقی که گردوغبار در حال افزایش است، روند تغییرات را کنترل یا کاهش داد.
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